Cancer Genomics

By Anonymous -

Oncogenomics also called Cancer genomics is one among the sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes. Cancer is a hereditary disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic changes leading to unrestricted cell proliferation and neoplasm formation. It emphases on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer. The cancer genomics has a goal to identify new oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes that may offer new insights into cancer diagnosis, predicting clinical outcome of cancers and new targets for cancer therapies. The success of targeted cancer therapies such as Gleevec, Herceptin and Avastin elevated the hope for oncogenomics to elucidate new targets for cancer treatment.

All the DNA enclosed in your cells makes up your genome. In most cells, the genome is embalmed into two sets of chromosomes: one set from your mother and one set from your father. These chromosomes are collected of six billion individual DNA letters. DNA of our genes there are four letters: A, C, G and T. Genomics is the study of the sequence of these letters in your DNA and how each rope of letters passes information to help each cell in your body work properly.

                                                   


In cancer cells, small deviations in the genetic letters can change what a genomic word or sentence means. A altered letter can cause the cell to make a protein that doesn’t allow the cell to work as it should. These proteins can make cells grow quickly and cause damage to next cells. Upcoming  the cancer genome, scientists can discover what letter changes are causing a cell to become a cancer. The genome of a cancer cell can also be used to tell one type of cancer from a new.  In cases, cramming the genome in a cancer can help detect a subtype of cancer within that type, such as HER2+ breast cancer.

Cancer is no extensive seen as just one disease, but a collection of hundreds of diseases, each with unique individualities and its own genetic make-up. For model, lung cancer was once alleged of as a single virus, but we now know it can be categorised into at least 12 discrete subtypes based on the molecular alterations mutations that drive its growth.



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